英语语法分析

I know one investment banking boss who penalises underlings for lobbying crassly.

我认识的一位投行老板就会惩罚那些过分游说的下级。

That is neither efficient nor fair: it penalises those who use water sparingly as much as those who waste it.

可这既没有效率也不公平：一样对待那些节约用水和浪费的人。

It has just nine seats in the 480-seat lower house, and is hampered by an electoral system that penalises minor parties.

因为日共在下议院中的480席中只占有9席，而日本国内选举体系又使少数党处于不利地位。